Oncology is the branch of medicine specialising in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of cancer. The oncologist is responsible for identifying the stage of the disease and proposing targeted therapies, which may include chemotherapy, pharmacological treatments or, in collaboration with surgeons and radiotherapists, integrated approaches to patient care.
The medical oncologist is an expert in tumour pathophysiology, diagnostic techniques and cancer therapy planning, and may specialise in chemotherapy, cancer surgery or radiotherapy. The most commonly treated malignancies include organs such as the oral cavity, colon, liver, pancreas, lung, prostate, kidney, breast, stomach, testicles and uterus, as well as melanoma, leukaemia and lymphoma.
The oncologist also plays a psychological role, supporting the patient with clear information on treatment options and side effects, establishing a relationship of trust throughout the treatment.
Oncological examinations are recommended in the event of a family history of cancer, clinical suspicion or for post-therapeutic follow-up. The specialist conducts a thorough examination with an anamnesis, physical examination and evaluation of diagnostic tests, prescribing further tests if necessary.